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МЕНЮ
| English Painting and Art GalleriesEnglish Painting and Art GalleriesEnglish painting. Our life seems to be impossible without art. It really occupies an important part in our daily life. Art offers us not only pleasure and amusement but it is also a vehicle of culture and education. Art penetrates into all spheres and sides of our life and makes it brighter, richer and more intellectual. People like and know different types of art. Some of them are fond of painting. Others have a special liking for music or they have a passion for literature. But all of us cant help admiring the canvases of such great painters as Thomas Gainsborough, Rembrand etc. So, art units different people, influences the development of personality, makes our innerworld richer, feels our soul with different feelings. It makes us stronger, inforces us in difficult situations. Time is flying art is forever. Painting in England began to develop later than in over European
countries. That's why some of the greatest foreign masters were attracted
to England by the titles of nobility conferred upon them. Holbein, Antonio Sir Anthony Van Dyck (1599 - 1641), who married the daughter of an But not until William Hogarth (1697 - 1764) do we find a painter truly His pictures of social life brought him fame and position in the
society. One of his serials “Mode Marriage” consists of 6 pictures. “The Both fathers are siting to the right. One of them an earl is proudly
pointing to his family tree. The other is reading the marriage contract. Hogarth was sure that success came to him due to hard labor. He wrote Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723 - 1792) is one of the outstanding British
portraitists, who had an important influence on his contemporaries. Within
a short period of time he achieved a considerable success. In 1755, at the
highest point of his career he painted 120 portraits. When, in 1768, the Thomas Gainsborough (1727 - 1788) succeeded brilliantly as a portrait
painter. Society went to him for portraits. A good amateur violinist and a
lover of drama, he was an artistic person by nature. Joshua Reynolds and His portraits are painted in clear tones in which blue and gray predominate. One of his best pictures is the famous “Blue boy”. His other masterpiece is “The Portrait of Duchess de Befou”. We can see a young noble woman, her charming face is full of freshness and lifeness. The charm of the expression of her face and the coloring are characteristic for the artists style. Her calm pose, the elegance of her gesture of her hand stresses her nobility. Outwardly we may see that in this portrait Gainsbourough followed the rules of traditional ceremonial portraits. But it is not so. The partied lips of the woman, a timid gesture of her hand help to create a true impression of the sitter. The artist has a wonderful sense of color, line and composition. He makes the affective use of light and shade. The picture is executed mostly in light tones in the dark background. Numerous shades of blue prevail in the picture. The combination striking of pink shades in her face and body are contrasted with gray and blue shades on her pounded hair, dress and scurf. It makes the impression of freshness and beauty. Gainsbourough depicts the details of her dress skillfully. The woman is graceful and charming. The picture glorifies the idea of woman's beauty. It is exhibited in the Thomas Gainsbourough greatly influenced the English school of landscape
painting. He was one of the first English artists who painted his native
land. His delicate understanding of nature is especially felt in the
pictures where he showed peasants. The best landscape of his are: “Watering Among his other landscapes are: “The Sunset”, “The Market Card” and “The Thomas Lawrence (1768 - 1839) was the painter of kings, princes, great diplomats and generals. All these are presented in large, full-dressed portraits, painted with elegance. His portrait of Vorontsov (1821) is an example of the brilliant official portrait. The portrait presents a young general, a brilliant man of fashion but it doesn't characterize his nature Landscape is another glory of English art because in it English art also rose to supreme highs. John Constable (1776 - 1837) is one of the most outstanding painters, who developed his own style of painting. He considered sketch, made directly from nature, the first task of a landscape painter. He introduced green into his painting: the green of trees, the green of summer, all the greens which until then other painters had refused to see. He made quick sketches based on his first impressions of natural beauties. John Constable used broken touches of color. His work is important as the beginning of the impressionist school. He was a son of a wealthy miller. He began to take interest in landscape
painting while he was at Dedham grammar school. His father didn't favor art
as the profession and Constable as a boy worked almost secretly, painting
in the cottage of the local plumber, who was an amateur painter by nature
himself. Constable left school to work for his fathers business. During his
spare time he studied painting. His keen artistic interest was so strong
that his father allowed him to visit London where he began to study
sketching. After 2 years in London he returned to his fathers business for
a year. The year spent at his fathers mill was a great importance for him. In his paintings the artist showed the new altitude to the nature. He refused to learn works of famous landscape painters and decided to go to the country and to paint nature as he saw it. Constable depicted nature in his own realistic way, he was the first artist who began to paint sketches which were as big as paintings. He was able to show the inside life of nature. John Constables innovation influenced greatly the development of French landscape painting. In 1826, when he was 50, he showed a number of landscapes in the Paris
salon. Among them was the famous “Hay Wain”, painted in 1821, for which the
painter was awarded the Gold Medal. He was elected to the Royal Academy in William Joseph Turner (1774 - 1851) was the greatest English romantic,
landscape and marine painter. He was a son of a fashionable barber, started
drawing and painting at his early age. His father used to sell the boys
drawings to his customers and in such a way he earned money for the boys
learning of art. At 14 he entered the Royal Academy School. His water-
colors were exhibited at the Royal Academy when he was only 15. At 18 he
started his own studio and received a commission to make drawings for
magazines. For some years he tramped over Wales and Western England. As He liked to watch the sunrise and sunset. And it is said, that only a hour before his death he had his chair wheeled to the window, so that he might look for the last time at the sun, shining upon the river. During his life Turner created some hundreds of paintings and some
thousands of water-colors and drawings. After his death his own entire
collection of paintings and drawings was willed to the nation. They are
exhibited at the National and Tate Galleries in London. Some of his famous
pictures are: “The Fighting Temeraire”, “Rain, Steam and Speed”, “Light and William Turner dedicated most of his paintings to the sea. He was a sailor and the sea in itself absorbed him. He gave to his seas mass and wave as well as movement. His waves seem to be alive. “Calais Pier” is one of his greatest creations. The picture of a storm in it is real and impressive. In the center of the picture there is a boat with people in it. All the figures are living individuals. The farther objects in the picture failed in the darkness, attracting our attention to the people in the boat. Those who look at the picture can smell the water and hear the shout of the wind. Color as well as tone in William Turners pictures produces the effect of sunlight. The name of William Turner is famous above all other landscape painters. So if portrait painting is one of the glories of English art, landscape is another: in both directions it rose to supreme highs. Russian painting The Tretyakov Gallery The state Tretyakov Gallery is one of the best-known art galleries in The Hermitage The Hermitage in St.-Petersburg is one of the most famous museums in the
world. The museum's foundation dates to 1764, when Katherine the Great
received 225 west - European paintings as a dept from Berlin merchant The museum grew rapidly throw out the XVIII th century and soon became one of the greatest art galleries. At the start of the XIX th century it was reorganized into special departments and the school of restoration was added. Today the Hermitage collection consists of some 3 million pieces which
are exhibited in 353 rooms, occupying 5 buildings: The Winter Palace, Small The department of Pre-historic culture has one of the richest collections of ancient archeological funds. The department of classical antiquity contains a unique collection of The department of East houses exhibits from ancient civilizations of The department of Russian culture preserves and exhibits materials,
dating from early Slavic times to the second half of the XIX th century. The department of numismatics owns a collection of over 1 million coins, orders, medals from different countries and times of which any world museum would be proud. The most famous of all the Hermitage departments is the department of The Perm State Art Gallery The Perm State Art Gallery is one of the oldest Art museums in the
country. Its history began long before the revolution. The special art
department attached to the Perm Scientific Industrial Museum was created in In 1907 the gallery were given pictures and landscapes by Vereshagin. After the revolution of 1917 the Scientific Industrial Museum undertook
a serious and hard work in saving art values. As a result of this work in In 1927 the Art Museum was named The Perm Gallery. In 1932 it possessed
so many exhibits that had to move to a former cathedral, a unique monument
of Russian classicism. In 1945 the gallery got the name of the Perm State Not many Art galleries of the country can match the collection of the Now the gallery possesses more than 36000 exhibits, including Russian, The Old Wooden Sculpture of Perm represents an original sphere of the |
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