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| EuropeEuropeEurope is our common home Plan. 1. Introduction. I`d like to tell you about Europe. Europe is our common home. All the
history is going up from Europe. Europeans had opened other continent and
the European languages are speaking all over the world today. It consists
of 42 countries, such as the UK, France, Germany and others, and Russia is
among them. Europe is the second smallest part of the world after |Europe. |Area. | | |the | | The longest rivers in Europe are: the Volga (3`530 km.) and the Danube. There are much recourse in Europe, among them are: coal, oil, gas, precious metals and metal ores. For example, today in Turkey there is ‘the golden fever’. Europe is named after a legendary Phoenician princess Europa. The Greeks
gave her name to the island and mainland of Greece. A Greek historian There is another explanation of where the name Europe comes from. The Europe is a part of the continent of Eurasia. There are 42 countries in Europe. Most of them are on the mainland. Some
of the countries lie on islands, for example the U.K., Iceland, and Cyprus. There are many mountains in Europe. The best known are: the Alps, the Most winds in Europe come from the West. They are wet because they have come from the Atlantic Ocean. The arrangement of the peninsulas, mountains and seas allows these wet winds to blow far inland, bringing rain. In winter warm Atlantic Ocean current keeps the coast free from ice. Far from the sea, for example in Russia, winters can be very cold. The Mediterranean region has warm, wet winters and hot , dry summers. {There is a long period of sunshine and clean blue sky in summer.} In sprite of Europe is the second smallest part of the world, it is the most crowded; 1/8 of the entire world`s people live in Europe. Many languages are spoken in Europe. Among them are English, French, The borders of European states have changed many times. For example, the states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became independent states in 1920, but in 1940 they became republics of the USSR. In 1991 they declared their independence again. In 1993 two independent republics, the Czech republic and Slovakia were created out of former Czechoslovakia. These facts prove, that the process of forming the countries still going on. People belong to different religions in Europe. In southern Europe and There are Jews living in most European countries, through few in Germany
and eastern Europe where they exterminated by the Axis in the Holocaust,
since WW-II immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, Turkey, India and So we can see, that there are 42 countries in Europe, people of different nationalities live there, they speak different languages and belong to different religions; but all of them want to live in peaceful coexistence and economic co-operation; that’s why new institutions had to be set up. After World War II a number of countries in Western Europe began to co-
operate more closely with each other. Then in 1957 the European Economic In order to make decisions and administer the Community, new institution
had to be set up. By 1967 there was a Council of Ministers, a Commission, a The members of the European Parliament are directly elected by voters in each member state. The Parliament is able to comment on proposals, put up by the commissioners and influence the budget and it is slowly gaining more powers. The Court of justice has the power to enforce Community law on member states. {This Court has sometimes overturned a decision made by the British law courts.} All citizens of Community countries have the right to appeal to the European Court of Justice. From l973 to 1986 Denmark, the Irish Republic, the United Kingdom, For many people the main purpose of the European Community is to create a continent whose countries need never go to war with each other again, because Europe is our common home. In the 1st century AD Britain become Roman province as the result of
colonises invades in AD 43. By about AD 100 the Romans had conquered many
of the lands that now make up countries of modern Europe, including Spain, Then the Roman Empire gradually split into a western half and an eastern
half (the Byzantine Empire). The West accepted the Pope in Rome as head of
the Church and called itself Christendom. In Eastern Europe and Russia,
people were gradually converted to Christianity by missionaries from Greek As the Christianity spreads at the end of the 4th century the Roman As the Roman Empire declined and collapsed, many tribes crossed the The followers of the proper Muhammad, known as Muslim, launched a series
of wars in southern Europe after his death in AD 632. They conquered much
of the Byzantine Empire, without managing to take Constantinople. They also
invaded Spain and France in the West. Charles Martel (‘Hammer’) defeated a In the 9th century Vikings conquered Ireland, England, France and Italy. Vikings from the North made trips for trade and adventure along the
great Dnieper and Volga River to Kiev, Novgorod and other cities. Kiev also
traded with Greeks in the South and it was from the Greeks that the Gradually, during the Middle Age, people in Western Europe who spoken
different languages began to separate into nations. The first strong,
united country was Francia (France) ruled over by Charlemagne (Charles the Later Spain, Portugal, Sweden and other countries gradually established
themselves. Many German-speaking countries were ruled by the Emperor of In the 13th century (12 - 14) the Golden Hora of Mongol - Tatars conquered Kiev. Tatars came from the Goby-Desert. Mongolia occupied the countries for two hounded and fifty years cutting it off from important era in Europe. The Russian people constantly struggled against Tatars and didn’t allow them to come to Europe. Thus Russians gave an opportunity to develop. {The princess of Moscow gradually beat Mongol - Tatars off and in the 16th century Ivan the Terrible finally defeated the Tatars at Kazan.} Between the 14th and 17th centuries great advances took place in learning and the arts. Italian artists, sculptors and architects studied the writings and ruined buildings of the ancient Romans and were inspired by the classical civilisation. Their ideas spread all over Europe. Printing made it possible for books and pamphlets to be produced so that more people had the chance of learning to read. Many people wanted to read the Bible in their own languages and, for
this and other reasons, they split from the Roman Catholic Church. This At that time in Russia after Ivan the Terrible`s death Michael Romanov became tsar. The Romanov family ruled Russia from 1613 until they were overthrown in 1917. Michael Romanov`s grandson Peter I was the greatest of all Russian tsars. He opened a window into West by building a grand new capital Peterborough, where the Neva River meets the Baltic. After the religious wars France emerged again as the strongest European
country, but Britain, her oldest rival began to build an empire. In Seven The new inventions of the Industrial Revolution were also helping After a Revolution a French general Napoleon came to power and crowned
himself an Emperor. He wanted France to rule all Europe, and between 1803
and 1812 his armies entered Germany, Austria, Italy, Holland, Prussia, Not long after Catherine’s death in 1796 Napoleon invaded Russia and captured Moscow in 1812. But he couldn’t make the Russians surrender and his army had to refreat. Napoleon was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815. During the 19th century most West European countries took over as many colonies as they could. Britain, France and Holland built the biggest empires. The influence of Europe spread throughout the world. Many Europeans came
to feel superior to all other peoples in the America, Africa, India and In World War II Britain, the USA, the USSR and their allies defeated the In l989 the communist governments lost power in Poland, Hungary, East |
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