| |||||
МЕНЮ
| Museumsp> At the age of eighteen, Queen Victoria became the first Sovereign to live at Buckingham Palace. John Nash had rightly predicted that the Palace would prove too
small, but this was a fault capable of remedy. The absence of a chapel was
made good after the Queen’s marriage to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and In 1847 the architect Edward Blore added the new East Front. Along the
first floor Blore placed the Principal Corridor, a gallery 240 feet long
overlooking the Quadrangle and divided into three sections by folding
doors of mirror glass. It links the Royal Corridor on the south, and opens
into suites of semi-state rooms facing the Mall and St James’s Park. Blore
introduced into the East Front some of the finest fittings from George The new building rendered the Marble Arch both functionally and ornamentally dispensable, and it was removed in 1850 to its present site at the north-east corner of Hyde Park. THE STATE ROOMS Most of the principal State Rooms are located on to first floor of The Grand Staircase, built by Nash on site of the original stairs,
divides theatrically into three flights at the first landing, two flights curving upwards to the Guard room. The gilded balustrade was made by GALLERY The picture Gallery, the largest room in the Palace, was formed by As there are many loans to exhibitions, the arrangement is subject to
periodic change. However the Gallery normally contains works by Van Dyck, From the Suilk Tapestry Room the route leads via the East Gallery, THE PALACE AT WORK BUCKINNGHAM Palace is certainly one of the most famous buildings in the world, known to millions as Queen’s home. Yet it is very much a working building and centre of the large office complex that is required for the administration of the modern monarchy. Although foreign ambassadors are officially accredited to the Court of In some ways the Palace resembles a small town. For the 300 people who
work there, there is a Post office and a police station, staff canteens
and dinning rooms. There is a special three-man security team equipped with
a fluoroscope, which examines every piece of mail that arrives at the There is also a soldier who is responsible for making sure the Royal Buckingham Palace is not only the name of the Royal Family but also the workplace of an army of secretaries, clerks and typists, telephonists, carpenters and plumbers etc. The business of monarchy never stops and the light is often shining
from the window of the Queen’s study late at night as she works on the
famous «boxes», the red and blue leather cases in which are delivered the There can hardly be a single one of 600 or so rooms in the Palace that is not in more or less constant use. The senior member of the Royal Household is the Lord Chamberlain. In
addition to the role of overseeing all the departments of the Household, he
has a wide variety of responsibilities, including all ceremonial duties
relating to the Sovereign, apart from the wedding, coronation and funeral
of the monarch. .These remain the responsibility of the Earl Marshal, the The director of the Royal Collection is responsible for one of the finest collections of works of art in the world. The Royal Collection is a vast assemblage of works of art of all kinds, comprising some 10,000 pictures, enamels and miniatures, 20,000 drawings, 10,000 watercolours and 500,000 prints, and many thousands of pieces of furniture, sculpture, glass, porcelain, arms and armour, textiles, silver, gold and jewellery. It has largely been formed by succeeding sovereigns, consorts and
other members of the Royal Family in the three hundred years since the The Collection is presently housed in twelve principal locations open
to the public, which include Buckingham Palace, Kensington Palace, Hampton In addition a substantial number of objects are on indefinite loan to
the British Museum, National Gallery, Victoria and Albert Museum and Additional access to the Royal Collection is provided by means of
exhibitions, notably at The Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham Palace, opened in WINDSOR CASTLE Windsor Castle is the oldest royal residence to have remained in
continuous use by the monarchs of Britain and is in many ways an
architectural epitome of the history of the nation. Its skyline of
battlements, turrets and the great Round Tower is instantly recognised
throughout the world. The Castle covers an area of nearly thirteen acres
and contains, as well as a royal palace, a magnificent collegiate church
and the homes or workplaces of a large number of people ,including the The Castle was founded by William the Conqueror c. 1080 and was conceived as one of a chain of fortifications built as a defensive ring round London. Norman castles were built to a standard plan with an artificial earthen mound supporting a tower or keep, the entrance to which was protected by an outer fenced courtyard or baily. Windsor is the most notable example of a particularly distinctive version of this basic plan developed for use on a ridge site. It comprises a central mote with a large bialy to either side of it rather than just on one side as was more than usual. As first built, the Castle was entirely defensive, constructed of
earth and timber, but easy access from London and the proximity of the Henry II was a great builder at all his residences. He began to
replace the old timber outer walls of the Upper Ward with a hard heath
stone found ten miles south of Windsor. The basic curtain wall round the The outstanding medieval expansion of Windsor, however, took place
in the reign of Edward III. His huge building project at the Castle was
probably the most ambitious single architectural scheme in the whole
history of the English royal residences, and cost the astonishing
total of 50,772 pounds. Rebuilt with the proceeds of the King’s military
triumphs, the Castle was converted by Edward III into a fortified
palace redolent of chivalry The stone base was and military glory, as the
centre of his court and the seat of his newly founded Order of the Garter The Lower Ward was reconstructed, the old royal lodgings being transformed into the College of St George, and a new cloister, which still survives, built with traceeried windows. In addition there were to be twenty-six Poor Knights. Henry III’s chapel was made over for their use, rebuilt and renamed St George’s Chapel. The reconstruction of the Upper Ward was begun in 1357 with new royal
lodgings built of stone under the direction of William of Wykeham, Bishop
of Winchester. An inner gatehouse with cylindrical towers was built at the
entrance to the Upper Ward.Stone-vaulted undercrofts supported extensive
royal apartments on the first floor with separate sets of rooms for the During the English Civil War in the mid-seventeenth century, the At the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 Charles II was determined to
reinstate the old glories of the Crown after the interval of the The architect Hugh May was appointed in 1673 to supervise the work and
over the next eleven years the Upper Ward and State Apartments were
reconstructed. The result was both ingenious and magnificent, making the The interior was a rich contrast to the austerity of the exterior and
formed the first and grandest sequence of baroque State Apartments in William III and the early Hanoverian kings spent more time at Hampton From 1777 George III reconstructed the Queen’s Lodge to the south of
the Castle. He also restored St George’s Chapel in the 1780s.At the same
time a new state entrance and Gothic staircase were constructed for the As well as his work in the Castle, George III modernised Frogmore in
the Home Park as a retreat for his wife, Queen Charlotte, and reclaimed
some of the Great Park for agriculture. The King designed a special When George IY inherited the throne, he shared his father’s romantic architectural enthusiasm for Windsor and determined to continue the Gothic transformation and the creation of convenient, comfortable and splendid new royal apartments. In many ways Windsor Castle enjoyed its apogee in the reign of A distinctive feature of hospitality at Windsor Castle are the
invitations to «dine and sleep» which go back to Queen Victoria’s time
and encompass people prominent in many walks of life including The THE GALLERY,THE CHINA MUSEUM The central vaulted undercroft, originally created by James Wyatt and
extended in the same style by Jeffry Wyatville to serve as the principal
entrance hall to the State Apartments, was cut off when the Grand Staircase
was reoriented in the reign of Queen Victoria. It has recently been
redesigned and now houses a changing exhibition of works of art from the The carved Ionic capitals of the columns survive from Hugh May’s
alterations for Charles II. In cases round the walls are displayed
magnificent china services from leading English and European porcelain
manufacturers: Serves, Meiden, Copenhagen, Naples, Rockingham and There are some famous paintings in Windsor Castle: Van Dyke’s «Triple ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL St George’s Chapel is the spiritual home of the Prodder of the Garter, The architecture of the Chapel ranks among the finest examples of As Sovereign of the Order of the Garter, The Queen attends a service in
the Chapel in June each year, together with the Knights and Ladies of the The Albert Memorial Chapel The richly decorated interior is a Victorian masterpiece, created by The vaulted ceiling is decorated in gold mosaic by Antonio Salviati. This was the site of one of the Castle’s earliest chapels, built in In 1863 Queen Victoria ordered its complete restoration and redecoration as a temporary resting place for Prince Albert. The Chapel is now dominated by Alfred Gilbert’s tomb of the Duke of The Great Park The Great Park of Windsor, covering about 4,800 acres, has evolved out
of the Saxon and medieval hunting forest. It is connected to the Castle by
an avenue of nearly 3 miles, known as the Long Walk, planted by King WESTMINSTER ABBEY Westminster Abbey is one of the most famous, historic and widely
visited churches not only in Britain but in the whole Christian world. The royal connections began even earlier than the present Abbey, for
it was Edward the Confessor, sometimes called the last of the English
kings(1042-66) and canonised in 1163, who established an earlier church on
this site. His great Norman Abbey was built close to his palace on Only 200 years later, the Norman east end of the Abbey was demolished and rebuilt on the orders of Henry III, who had a great devotion to Edward the Confessor and wanted to honour him. The central focus of the new Abbey was a magnificent shrine to house St Edward’s body ; the remains of this shrine, dismantled at the Reformation but later reerected in rather a clumsy and piecemeal way, can still be seen behind the High Altar today. The new Abbey remained incomplete until 1376, when the rebuilding of the Nave began; it was not finished until 150 years later, but the master masons carried on a similar thirteenth-century Gothic, French-influenced design, as that of Henry III’s initial work, over that period, giving the whole a beautiful harmony of style. In the early sixteenth century the Lady Chapel was rebuilt as the
magnificent Henry YII Chapel; with its superb fan-vaulting it is one of In the mid-eighteenth century the last malor additions - the two
western towers designed by Hawksmoor - were made to the main fabric of the THE NAVE was begun by Abbot Litlington who financed the work with money left by Cardinal Simon Langham, his predecessor, for the use of the monastery. The master mason in charge of the work was almost certainly the great Henry Yevele. His design depended on the extra strength given to the structure by massive flying buttresses. These enabled the roof to be raised to a height of 102 feet. The stonework of the vaulting has been cleaned and the bosses gilded in recent years. |
ИНТЕРЕСНОЕ | |||
|