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МЕНЮ
| Salvador Dali SurrealismSalvador Dali SurrealismSALVADOR DALI & SURREALISM Surrealism (from French surrealisme - supernaturalism) - a modernistic
direction in the art, appeared after the First World War in France, during The formation of Surrealism takes its roots from Dadaism. The impudent
art arisen in conditions of horror and disappointment of the artists before
the major catastrophe – the European revolutions (1916-1918). This event
shattered Switzerland, Austria, France and Germany. Dadaism basically
rejected any positive aesthetic value, and offered an “antiaesthetic” value
for everything. For Dadaists everything " reasonable, kind, eternal " had
failed, and the world appeared to be unfair, mean, and ugly. The values of Surrealists hunted for unpredicted in order to free from the control of the mind. (For example, they placed a sheet of a paper on rough surfaces and rubbed a paper with dry paints, and received fantastic configurations reminding of thickets of a fantastic wood.) But great masters weren’t satisfied with such primitive methods of painting. They had to achieve internal irrationality or mindless state of mental life. For this purpose, forms of visual self-hypnosis were practiced. They created "bewitching" forces by staring at the movement of fire, or the movement of clouds, or etc. Transition from "mechanical" perceptions to "psychological” (or psychoanalytical) perception, gradually influenced all masters of surrealism. (Descharnes, 8) Surrealists assembled meetings or "trainings" which were named as
sommeils – or "dreams in reality ". They played during these meetings. They
were interested in accidental and unconscious semantic combinations, which
occurred during "bouts-rimes (word game).” Each of them made a phrase, not
knowing about the words made by the other participants of the game. So,
once they came up with a phrase "The refined corpse will drink a fine wine Dali’s surrealism, doesn’t present any politics, an intimate life, an
aesthetic beauty, a history, or anything else. In his art there is only a Dali alienated himself from his colleagues. Therefore they turned against Dali. His friends started denying Dali’s art. Andrй Breton after another disagreement with the artist, made an anagram of letters of his name “Avida Dollars – Dollar Thirsty.” He hinted that all that Dali created, had an advertising character, and are directed strictly at making money, and that art itself had no value for him. Dali sometimes proclaimed to be the only unique surrealist. And at the
same time he said that, "Painting is the color photo made by a brush ". But
it’s useless to blame Dali for inconsistency, because irrationality – was
his value and element of thinking and painting. This method was the true
description of Dali’s style both in life, and in art. Dali has literally
treated all those ideas, principles, values, and people with whom he
associated with impudently, and disrespectfully. He implemented the ideas
of surrealism to the extent. Dali is dangerous to the silent human nature;
he is dangerous for humans’ "well-being" because he discredits senses and
values of human culture. He discredits both religion and godlessness, both Dali searched for new decisions, and forms of art starting from his childhood. Once, he painted a still life painting with only three colors on an old worn-out door. He used the door instead of canvas. It surprised him that this still-life painting amazed his friends and relatives. It was the image of a handful of the berries put under the sun. Then someone from spectators had noticed, that at cherries were missing tails. The young artist had forgotten to paint them. He quickly ate the berries that he was drawing earlier, and attached the real tails to the still-life painting. He pulls out the woodworms of old door, and attached them to berries, and he created painting with live woodworms and real berry tails. At seeing this, the spectators were overwhelmed. Having entered the School of fine Arts in Madrid, Dali hoped to find
worthy teachers. He hoped to find someone who could teach him the sacred
craft of drawing, but he very soon got disappointed. He publicly declared
that he didn’t want to be tested by those teachers who "knew almost
nothing, and incapable of anything.” Therefore he got expelled from the art
school. He admired the great masters of Italian Renaissance. He explained
how his surrealistic creativity began. He wrote, "The inevitable happened All this wasn’t only his private affair; it was the purpose of
surrealism. Dali truly was the surrealist to the core. Everything he
touched or spoke about turned into surrealistic images. Dali in his life
mainly focused on his surrealistic "ego.” Dali perfectly managed to change the format of an art on an easel
painting. The extended horizontal canvas are full of narration, that
contain consecutive display of metamorphosis ("Metamorphosis of Narcissus." The vertical stretched canvas changes the dynamics of the picture,
adding solemnity to it Dali thought that horizon in the paintings were very
essential.” The low horizon gives an image some sort of theatrical look In his compositions with high horizon, the features close to the
folklore beginning are seen. The images have ornamental - symbolical
character. The artist loved big canvases. His wide canvases are similar to
those of medieval masters. The main value of works of Dali consists of
creation of magnificent picturesque and graphic images. The artist presents
himself in his paintings, as the refined colorist, brilliant painter,
master of complexity, and yet architectonically conceivable painter (Ades, The background of the painting is covered with cloudy sky. There is an inconceivable figure that has human body parts, and the face that is in total agony. The hand is holding the breast that doesn’t have a body, it has a head, and a neck with inflated veins, and from there onward comes a leg that is standing on the other part of human body that stretches out diagonally. And in the middle of this diagonally stretched body part, there is a small locker – a design that Dali frequently presented in his paintings as an illusion of stability of ordinary life. There are beans all over the ground, and an ordinary man, near this figure looking down to the ground. The horizon is given low in this picture, covering only small part of the ground. The picture has an enormous anti-war pathos. It has a very expressive message in its composition, contrast color combinations, and a linear composition. The unusual gift of Salvador Dali, his overwhelming creativity makes
him a genius of his age. His art presents the humanistic symbol of his
century. Surrealism is not an artistic movement; it is an artistic thinking
of how to interact with world. When one journalist asked Salvador Dali Works Cited Ades, Dawn. Dali’s optical Illusion. Wadworth Athenaeum Museum of Art in
association with Yale University Pres Ney Haven and London, 1999.
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