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| The House of Yorksp> After the downfall of Anne Boleyn, Margaret returned to court. She did not remain in favor for long. Because of the letter her son, Cardinal Reginal Pole, wrote to the King, and of the betrayal of her son Geoffrey, the Countess was arrested and put into the Tower in March 1539. She was kept in the Tower under close confinement for two years and was executed without trial. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886. Her arms were: Quarterly, first, Quarterly, France modern and England, a
label of three points argent each charged with a canton gules; second,
gules, a saltire argent, a label of three points gobony argent and azure
impaling Gules, a fess between six crosses crosslet or; third, Chequy or
and azure, a chevron ermine impaling Argent, three lozenges conjoined in
fess gules; fourth, Or, an eagle displayed vert impaling Quarterly, I and Henry Pole, Lord Montagu, 1492–1539 The eldest son of Margaret Plantagenet, he was knighted by Henry VIII in As a Roman Catholic, Pole did not approve of Henry’s destroying Church
property and the anti-Catholic feeling in England. Henry was fully of He married Jane, daughter of George Neville, Lord Bergavenny, in 1513. Geoffrey Pole, 1502?-1558 The second son of Margaret Plantagenet, little is known of his early
life. In 1529, he was knighted by Henry VIII at York Place. A devout Roman Unfortunately, his words reached the ears of the king and he was arrested
and sent to the Tower on August 1538. He was persuaded to talk and he
revelaed the names of secret Papists at court, including his own brother, Having felt guilty at betraying his brother and friends, Geoffrey tried
to commit suicide while he was in the Tower. In 1540, he left his family
behind and fled to Europe, where he remained until the reign of Queen Mary. He married Constance, the elder of two daughter and heirs of Sir John Arthur Pole, 1502-1535 Third son of Margaret Plantagenet, he was sentenced to death in the reign
of Elizabeth I, being implicated in a plot to release Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1526, he married Jane Lewknor. It is not known if there were any children from this marriage. Reginald Pole, 1500-1558 The youngest son of Margaret Plantagenet, he graduated from Magdelan When Henry’s daughter Mary became Queen, he was commission as a papal For the next two years, Cardinal Pole help Queen Mary with her
persecution of English Protestants. Disapproving of Pole’s methods, Pope Ursula Pole, ? -1570 Ursula was the only daughter of Margaret Plantagenet. In 1518, she
married Henry Stafford, first Baron Stafford. Very little is known of her. Edward Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick, 1474–1499 The son of George, Duke of Clarence, and Isobel Neville, he may have suffered from some form of mental impairment. He lived in the royal apartments in the Tower under the reign of his uncle Richard III. Henry VII kept him in the Tower, but as a prisoner. When Perkin Warbeck was imprisoned in the Tower, the two attempted to escape (possibly at the instigation of Henry’s agents) and both were executed in 1499. Edward IV, King of England, 1442–1483 By the Grace of God, King of England and France and Lord of Ireland The eldest son of Richard, Duke of York and Cecily Neville, Edward was
born in Rouen, France, on April 28, 1442. He was educated at Ludlow Castle,
along with his younger brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland. He inherited the
title of Earl of March. Edward. was raising forces in the Welsh borders for
the Yorkist cause when his father and younger brother Edmund were killed at
the Battle of Wakefield in 1460. Acting speedily and decisively, Edward
routed the Lancastrians at the battles of Mortimer’s Cross and Towton, and
claimed the throne. Henry VI was then acclaimed a usurper and a traitor. Edward’s secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, a widow of a Lancastrian
knight, angeed the old nobility and alienated his cousin Richard Neville, The remaining years of his reign were, for the most part, peaceful. There was, however, a short war with France in 1475, after which Louis XI agreed to pay Edward a yearly subsidy. Edward died on April 8 1483 and was buried at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor. As King, Edward’s arms were: Quarterly, France modern and England, and his crest On a chapeau gules turned up ermine, a lion statant guardant crowned or. As badges, he used the white rose of York, the sun in splendour, and the white rose en soliel, as well as the lion, the bull and the hart, the falcon and fetterlock of the dukes of York, and a white rose incorporating red petals, a forerunner of the Tudor rose. Elizabeth Woodville, 1437–1492, Queen of England Elizabeth was the eldest child of Sir Richard Woodville and Jacquetta of Following her husband’s death in 1483, their marriage was declared
invalid by Parliament and their children illegitimate. In 1485, however, Elizabeth Woodville’s seal displayed a shield of her husband’s arms impaling her own, which were Quartlerly, first argent, a lion rampant double queued gules, crowned or (Luxemburg, her mother’s family), second quarterly, I and IV, gules a star if eight points argent; II and III, azure, semйe of fleurs de lys or; third, barry argent and azure, overall a lion rampant gules; fourth, gules, three bendlets argent, on a chief of the first, charged with a fillet in base or, a rose of the second; fifth, three pallets vairy, on a chief or a label of five points azure, and sixth, a fess and a canton conjoined gules (Woodville). Children of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville Elizabeth of York, 1466–1503, Queen of England Born 11 February, 1466 at Westminster Palace, Elizabeth was the first
born child of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. She was betrothed to She bore Henry eight children: (1) Arthur, Prince of Wales, b. 1486; (2) Mary of York, 1467-1482 Mary was the second daughter, born 11 August, 1467 at Windsor Castle. She
was promised in marriage to the King of Denmark, but died in 1482 before
the marriage could take place. She is buried in St. George’s Chapel, Cicely of York, 1469–1507, Viscountess Welles Cicely was born on 20 March 1469 at Westminster Palace. She was
originally promised in a marriage treaty to the heir of James III of Edward V, 1470–? The eldest son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, Edward was born in
sanctuary at Westminster on 4 November 1470. He was created Prince of Following his father’s death, he was brought to London to be crowned. Edward’s arms as king were: Quarterly, France modern and England, and his crest on his Great Seal; on a chapeau gules turned up ermine encircled by a royal coronet, a lion statant guardant crowned or. Margaret of York, b. and d. 1472 This child of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville (not to be confused with her aunt of the same name) was born 10 April 1472 at Windsor Castle and died on 11 December of the same year. She is buried in Westminster Abbey. Richard, Duke of York, 1473–? Born at Shrewsbury, the second son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, His arms were: Quarterly, France modern and England, a label of three points, argent on the first point a canton gules; his crest was On a chapeau gules turned up ermine, a lion statant guardant crowned or, gorged with a label as in the arms, and his badge a falcon volant argent, membered or, within a fetterlock unlocked gold. George of York, Duke of Bedford, 1477-1479 The seventh child and third youngest son of Edward IV and Eizabeth Anne of York, 1475-1510 Anne was married to Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk. She died in Catherine of York, 1479–1527 The sixth daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, Catherine
married William Courtenay, Earl of Devon, and had one child, Henry, who
succeeded his father as Earl. Despite being made Marquis of Exeter, Henry’s The arms of Catherine were her husband’s arms impaling her own: The arms of Henry Courtenay were: Quarterly, first, France and England quarterly, within a bordure quarterly of England and France, second and third, or, three torteaux; fourth, or a lion rampant azure,; and his crest, out of a ducal coronet or, a plume of ostrich feathers four and three argent. Bridget of York, 1480-1513 The tenth and last child of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, she became a nun at Dartford and died in 1513. Richard III 1452–1485 By the Grace of God, King of England and France and Lord of Ireland Richard III was born on the 2 October, 1452 in Fotheringhay Castle during
the tumultuous period known as the Wars of the Roses. His personal motto of In 1461, he was sent to Middleham Castle to begin his knightly training
under his cousin, Richard Neville, known as "The Kingmaker". In 1472, he
married the Lady Anne Neville and they retired to Middleham. As Lord of the He enjoyed a special relationship with the city of York and intervened on its behalf on many occasions. Richard, known to be a pious man, was instrumental in setting up no less than ten chantries and procured two licenses to establish two colleges; one at Barnard Castle in County Durham and the other at Middleham in Yorkshire. It is known that his favorite castle was Middleham and he was especially generous to the church raising it to the status of collegiate college. The statutes, written in English rather than Latin, were drawn up under his supervision. With the untimely death of his brother, Edward IV in 1483, he was
petitioned by the Lords and Commons of Parliament to accept the kingship of In 1484, while Richard and Anne were at Nottingham, they received word that their beloved son, Edward, who was at Middleham, died suddenly after a brief illness. His wife, Anne, never recovered from the loss of her son and died almost a year later. Her body was borne to Westminster Abbey and laid to rest on the south side of St. Edward's Chapel. Richard wept openly at her funeral and later shut himself off for three days. In eighteen months, he lost brother, son and spouse. Throughout these
tragedies, he remained steadfast to his obligations. His reign showed great
promise, but amidst the intrigues and power struggles of his time, he found
himself on Bosworth Field. Richard III was 32 years old when he died at the Arms as Duke of Gloucester: France and England modern, over all a 3- pointed label ermine, on each point a conton gules. Arms: Quarterly, France modern and England, and his crest on his Great Anne Neville, Queen of England, 1456-1485 Anne Neville was born on 11 June 1456 at Warwick Castle, the younger
daughter of Richard Warwick ("The King Maker") and Anne Beauchamp, heiress
to the large Beauchamp estate. She spent her childhhod at warwick Castle
along with her older sister Isabel. In 1469, her father, no longer in favor
with Edward IV, fled to Calais, bringing his family with him. Shortly
afterwards, Warwick went over to the Lancastrians, and Anne was betrothed
to the Lancastrian Prince Edward, Prince of Wales. Her father and uuncle Her arms were: Quarterly, France modern and England, impaling gules, a saltire argent. Edward, Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Salisbury, 1473–1484 Edward was the only surviving child of Richard III and Queen Anne. He was born at Middleham Castle, Yorkshire and was created Prince of Wales during the first year of his father’s reign. Edward suddenly became ill with abdominal pain in 1484 and quickly died, possibly of appendicitis. His parents were distraught with grief and his death may have hastened Anne’s decline. Arms: Quarterly, France modern and England, a label of three points argent. John of Gloucester John was Richard III’s illegitimate son. His mother is unknown. He was
also called John of Pomfret, his father appointed him Captain of Calais in Lady Catherine Plantagenet Katherine was the illegitimate daughter of Richard III. Her mother is
unknown. In 1484, Katherine was married to William Herbert, Earl of Some concrete facts about kings which had come frjm The House of York Edward IV (1461-70, 1471-83 AD) [pic]Edward IV, son of Richard, Duke of York and Cicely Neville, was born
in 1442. He married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464, the widow of the Edward came to the throne through the efforts of his father; as Henry VI
became increasingly less effective, Richard pressed the claim of the York
family but was killed before he could ascend the throne: Edward deposed his
cousin Henry after defeating the Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross in 1461. The rest of his reign was fairly uneventful. He revived the English claim
to the French throne and invaded the weakened France, extorting a non-
aggression treaty from Louis XI in 1475 which amounted to a lump payment of Edward died suddenly in 1483, leaving behind two sons aged twelve and nine, five daughters, and a troubled legacy. Edward began his reign in 1461 and ruled for eight years before Henry's
brief return. His reign is marked by two distinct periods, the first in
which he was chiefly engaged in suppressing the opposition to his throne,
and the second in which he enjoyed a period of relative peace and security. Clarence continued his activities against his brother during the second
phase of Edward's reign; his involvement in a plot to depose the king got
him banished to the Tower where he mysteriously died (drowned in his bath). Edward V (1483 AD) Edward V, eldest son of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville, was born in Richard III (1483-85) [pic]Richard III, the eleventh child of Richard, Duke of York, and Cecily Richard's reign gained an importance out of proportion to its length. He
was the last of the Plantagenet dynasty, which had ruled England since Richard's power was immense, and upon the death of Edward IV , he
positioned himself to seize the throne from the young Edward V . He feared
a continuance of internal feuding should Edward V, under the influence of
his mother's Woodville relatives, remain on the throne (most of this feared
conflict would have undoubtedly come from Richard). The old nobility, also
fearful of a strengthened Woodville clan, assembled and declared the
succession of Edward V as illegal, due to weak evidence suggesting that Four months into his reign he crushed a rebellion led by his former
assistant Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, who sought the installation
of Henry Tudor , a diluted Lancaster, to the throne. The rebellion was
crushed, but Tudor gathered troops and attacked Richard's forces on August Richard of Gloucester had grown rich and powerful during the reign of his
brother Edward IV, who had rewarded his loyalty with many northern estates
bordering the city of York. Edward had allowed Richard to govern that part
of the country, where he was known as "Lord of the North." The new king was
a minor and England was divided over whether Richard should govern as Richard's competence and military ability was a threat to the throne and
the legitimate heir Edward V. After a series of skirmishes with the forces
of the widowed queen, anxious to restore her influence in the north, Edward's coronation was set for June, 1483. Richard planned his coup. It is one thing to kill a rival in battle but it is another matter to have your brother's children put to death. By being suspected of this evil deed, Richard condemned himself. Though the new king busied himself granting amnesty and largesse to all and sundry, he could never cleanse himself of the suspicion surrounding the murder of the young princes. He had his own son Edward invested as Prince of Wales, and thus heir to his throne, but revulsion soon set in to destroy what, for all intents and purposes, could have been a well-managed, competent royal administration. It didn't help Richard much that even before he took the throne he had
denounced the Queen "and her blood adherents," impugned the legitimacy of
his own brother and his young nephews and stigmatized Henry Tudor's royal
blood as bastard. The rebellion against him started with the defection of
the Duke of Buckingham whose open support of the Lancastrian claimant
overseas, Henry Tudor, transformed a situation which had previously favored The king was defeated and killed at Bosworth Field in 1485, a battle that
was as momentous for the future of England as had been Hastings in 1066. Sources: 1. www.britannia.comhistory 2. www.numizmat.net 3. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/Y/York-hou.html 4. http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs 5. www.hotbot.com 6. www.yahoo.com Страницы: 1, 2 |
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